cli_set_process_title
dl is awkward because the filename format is OS-dependent and because it can complain if the extension is already loaded. This wrapper function fixes that:
<?php
function load_lib($n, $f = null) {
return extension_loaded($n) or dl(((PHP_SHLIB_SUFFIX === 'dll') ? 'php_' : '') . ($f ? $f : $n) . '.' . PHP_SHLIB_SUFFIX);
}
?>
Examples:
<?php
// ensure we have SSL and MySQL support
load_lib('openssl');
load_lib('mysql');
// a rare few extensions have a different filename to their extension name, such as the image (gd) library, so we specify them like this:
load_lib('gd', 'gd2');
?>
dl
(PHP 4, PHP 5)
dl — Carga una extensión PHP en tiempo de ejecucción
Descripción
bool dl
( string
$library
)
Carga la extensión PHP dada por el parámetro
library.
Utilice la función extension_loaded() para comprobar si la extensión ya está cargada o no. Funciona tanto para extensiones ya integradas en PHP o para extensiones que se han cargado dinámicamente (ya sea a través de php.ini o dl()).
Advertencia
Esta función ha sido eliminada en algunos módulos SAPI en PHP 5.3.
Parámetros
-
library -
Este parámetro es solamente el fichero de la extensión a cargar el cual depende del sistema operativo. Por ejemplo, la extensión sockets (si se compila como librería, no como parte de PHP) Se llamará sockets.so en sistemas Unix mientras que en Windows se llamará php_sockets.dll.
El directorio desde donde la extensión será cargada también depende del sistema operativo:
En Windows - a no ser que se defina explicitamente en php.ini, la extensión será cargada por defecto desde C:\php4\extensions\ (PHP4) o C:\php5\ en (PHP 5).
Unix - a no ser que se defina en php.ini, el directorio de extensiones por defecto depende de
- Si PHP fué compilado con la opción --enable-debug o no
- Si PHP fué comiplado con soporte (experimental) ZTS (Zend Thread Safety) o no
- El módulo interno actual ZEND_MODULE_API_NO (Número interno del API Zend, que es básicamente la fecha en que se produjo un cambio de versión, p.ej. 20010901)
Valores devueltos
Devuelve TRUE en caso de éxito o FALSE en caso de error. Si la funcionalidad de cargar módulos no está disponible
o ha sido deshabilitada (ya sea activando
enable_dl off o habilitando el safe mode
en php.ini) Se producirá un E_ERROR
y se parará la ejecucción de PHP. Si dl() falló porque la
librería especificacda no pudo cargarse a demás de FALSE se
producirá un mensaje E_WARNING.
Ejemplos
Ejemplo #1 Ejemplos de dl()
<?php
// En este ejemplo se carga una extensión u otra dependiendo del sistema operativo
if (!extension_loaded('sqlite')) {
if (strtoupper(substr(PHP_OS, 0, 3)) === 'WIN') {
dl('php_sqlite.dll');
} else {
dl('sqlite.so');
}
}
// O si la constante PHP_SHLIB_SUFFIX está disponible desde PHP 4.3.0
if (!extension_loaded('sqlite')) {
$prefix = (PHP_SHLIB_SUFFIX === 'dll') ? 'php_' : '';
dl($prefix . 'sqlite.' . PHP_SHLIB_SUFFIX);
}
?>
Historial de cambios
| Versión | Descripción |
|---|---|
| 5.3.0 | dl() está desactivado en algunos módulos SAPI por problemas de estabilidad. Los únicos modulos SAPI que permiten dl() son: CLI, CGI and Embed. En su lugar usar las directivas Directivas de carga de extensiones |
Notas
Nota:
dl() no se soporta cuando PHP es compilado con soporte ZTS. Use en su lugar Directivas de carga de extensiones instead.
Nota:
dl() es sensible a mayúsculas en sistemas Unix.
Nota: Esta función no está disponible cuando PHP está corriendo en safe mode.
Ver también
- Directivas de cargas de extensiones
- extension_loaded() - Encontrar si una extensión está cargada
add a note
User Contributed Notes
dl - [10 notes]
shaunspiller at spammenot-gmail dot com ¶
4 years ago
mag_2000 at front dot ru ¶
7 years ago
<?php
function dl_local( $extensionFile ) {
//make sure that we are ABLE to load libraries
if( !(bool)ini_get( "enable_dl" ) || (bool)ini_get( "safe_mode" ) ) {
die( "dh_local(): Loading extensions is not permitted.\n" );
}
//check to make sure the file exists
if( !file_exists( $extensionFile ) ) {
die( "dl_local(): File '$extensionFile' does not exist.\n" );
}
//check the file permissions
if( !is_executable( $extensionFile ) ) {
die( "dl_local(): File '$extensionFile' is not executable.\n" );
}
//we figure out the path
$currentDir = getcwd() . "/";
$currentExtPath = ini_get( "extension_dir" );
$subDirs = preg_match_all( "/\//" , $currentExtPath , $matches );
unset( $matches );
//lets make sure we extracted a valid extension path
if( !(bool)$subDirs ) {
die( "dl_local(): Could not determine a valid extension path [extension_dir].\n" );
}
$extPathLastChar = strlen( $currentExtPath ) - 1;
if( $extPathLastChar == strrpos( $currentExtPath , "/" ) ) {
$subDirs--;
}
$backDirStr = "";
for( $i = 1; $i <= $subDirs; $i++ ) {
$backDirStr .= "..";
if( $i != $subDirs ) {
$backDirStr .= "/";
}
}
//construct the final path to load
$finalExtPath = $backDirStr . $currentDir . $extensionFile;
//now we execute dl() to actually load the module
if( !dl( $finalExtPath ) ) {
die();
}
//if the module was loaded correctly, we must bow grab the module name
$loadedExtensions = get_loaded_extensions();
$thisExtName = $loadedExtensions[ sizeof( $loadedExtensions ) - 1 ];
//lastly, we return the extension name
return $thisExtName;
}//end dl_local()
?>
Anonymous ¶
2 years ago
this function errors out as the dl() cannot take the absolute path..."Warning: dl() [function.dl]: Temporary module name should contain only filename in /home/..."
endofyourself at yahoo dot com ¶
9 years ago
If you need to load an extension from the CURRENT local directory because you do not have privelages to place the extension in your servers PHP extensions directory, this function i wrote may be of use to you
<?php
/*
Function: dl_local()
Reference: http://us2.php.net/manual/en/function.dl.php
Author: Brendon Crawford <endofyourself |AT| yahoo>
Usage: dl_local( "mylib.so" );
Returns: Extension Name (NOT the extension filename however)
NOTE:
This function can be used when you need to load a PHP extension (module,shared object,etc..),
but you do not have sufficient privelages to place the extension in the proper directory where it can be loaded. This function
will load the extension from the CURRENT WORKING DIRECTORY only.
If you need to see which functions are available within a certain extension,
use "get_extension_funcs()". Documentation for this can be found at
"http://us2.php.net/manual/en/function.get-extension-funcs.php".
*/
function dl_local( $extensionFile ) {
//make sure that we are ABLE to load libraries
if( !(bool)ini_get( "enable_dl" ) || (bool)ini_get( "safe_mode" ) ) {
die( "dh_local(): Loading extensions is not permitted.\n" );
}
//check to make sure the file exists
if( !file_exists( $extensionFile ) ) {
die( "dl_local(): File '$extensionFile' does not exist.\n" );
}
//check the file permissions
if( !is_executable( $extensionFile ) ) {
die( "dl_local(): File '$extensionFile' is not executable.\n" );
}
//we figure out the path
$currentDir = getcwd() . "/";
$currentExtPath = ini_get( "extension_dir" );
$subDirs = preg_match_all( "/\//" , $currentExtPath , $matches );
unset( $matches );
//lets make sure we extracted a valid extension path
if( !(bool)$subDirs ) {
die( "dl_local(): Could not determine a valid extension path [extension_dir].\n" );
}
$extPathLastChar = strlen( $currentExtPath ) - 1;
if( $extPathLastChar == strrpos( $currentExtPath , "/" ) ) {
$subDirs--;
}
$backDirStr = "";
for( $i = 1; $i <= $subDirs; $i++ ) {
$backDirStr .= "..";
if( $i != $subDirs ) {
$backDirStr .= "/";
}
}
//construct the final path to load
$finalExtPath = $backDirStr . $currentDir . $extensionFile;
//now we execute dl() to actually load the module
if( !dl( $finalExtPath ) ) {
die();
}
//if the module was loaded correctly, we must bow grab the module name
$loadedExtensions = get_loaded_extensions();
$thisExtName = $loadedExtensions[ sizeof( $loadedExtensions ) - 1 ];
//lastly, we return the extension name
return $thisExtName;
}//end dl_local()
?>
docey ¶
7 years ago
just some note to loading modules, they do not have to
be executable.
some examples below check for this but if an module is
not executable is does not mean you cant use it. it just
needs to be readable NOT executable.
although some modules might need this perhaps for some
reason i cannot think of, so here an example,
<?php
// fails to load mysql although it could be loaded.
if(is_executable("mysql.so")){
dl("mysql.so");
}
// loads mysql
if(is_readable("mysql.so")){
dl("mysql.so");
}
?>
watch out with this, as you can see mysql.so would not be
loaded and the script would fail. because its checked for
executable permissions although these are not needed.
fabrizim at owlwatch dot com ¶
1 month ago
As noted in the documentation:
Changelog 5.3: dl() is now disabled in some SAPIs due to stability issues. The only SAPIs that allow dl() are CLI and Embed. Use the Extension Loading Directives instead.
If using PEAR libraries that try to load extensions, like Image_Transform which will try to load ImageMagik, and the "enable_dl" directive is set to 1 in your php.ini, you may end up with a hard to find error (white screen of death).
One "solution" is to change the enable_dl directive to 0 in the php.ini. It may have adverse affects if you are using php on command line that requires the "dl" function, but I think in most cases its okay.
CLI workaround ¶
4 years ago
NOTE: This only works using the CLI
If you need to use dl() with the CLI, but you get this warning:
"PHP Warning: dl(): Dynamically loaded extensions aren't enabled"
Then the 'enable_dl' setting in the php.ini needs to be set to 'On' - the set_ini() function does not work with this INI option.
If, however, you do not wish (or don't have access) to alter the system php.ini, then you can do the following:
<?php
if ( !ini_get('enable_dl') ) {
exec("php -d enable_dl=On $argv[0]");
exit;
}
?>
This simply calls itself and defines the enable_dl INI entry on the command line so you dont have to start the script with options in the first place (or use another script to call it.)
james at gogo dot co dot nz ¶
7 years ago
WARNING: enable_dl/dl()
*********************
There is an exploit circulating currently which takes advantage of dl() to inject code into Apache which causes all requests to all virtual hosts to be redirected to a page of the attackers choice.
All operators of shared web hosting servers with Apache and PHP should disable dl() by setting enable_dl to off otherwise your servers are vulnerable to this exploit.
This exploit is generally known as flame.so (the object that is loaded into Apache) and flame.php (the php script that loads it).
Google gives more information:
http://www.google.co.nz/search?q=flame.so+flame.php
buildsmart at daleenterprise dot com ¶
6 years ago
I recently came across this under PHP 4.4.4, it seems that the dl(); function generates an error/warning about registering the function if a test is done on an extension that is pre-loaded in the php.ini file (extension=gd.so).
<?php
$gd_is_shared = "shared-library";
if (function_exists('ImageCreateFromPNG') && !@dl('gd.so')) {
$gd_is_shared = "embedded";
}
print $gd_is_shared;
?>
The only purpose of this test is to determine if it is an embedded extension or a loaded extension.
I don't see this error occur under PHP 5.1.6 or PHP 5.2.0.
The test platform is Mac OS X 10.3.9 and Mac OS X 10.4.8
tychay at php dot net ¶
9 years ago
MacOS makes a distinction between dynamically loadable shared libraries and loadable modules of code (bundles). The former has an extension .dylib and the latter has an extension .so. The former is in Mac-O and the latter is in ELF.
Thus PHP's extensions are built as .so whereas the symbol PHP_SHLIB_SUFFIX is bound (currently) to .dylib. I don't think this is the correct behavior, but nonetheless, it is the behavior as of PHP-5.0.0b2-dev. Right now, the config binds to SHLIB_SUFFIX_NAME (which is correctly bound to .dylib on Mac OS X). I imagine this is related to why there is so much trouble getting dl() to work on Mac OS X. (For instance, I have no trouble phpizing in a new shared library, but when compiling in stuff as shared... much evilness!)
BTW, to get dl() to work in Mac OS X you need to install the dlcompat library (via Fink, DarwinPorts, or Gentoo ports). Remember in the case of Fink, you better make sure your environment variables are adjusted to point to where dlcompat (and your other fink libraries) are.
terry